Neuro-Immune Crosstalk: The Relationship Between Adrenergic Stimulation and Macrophages in Developing Upstream Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65539/g6519s31Keywords:
cardiovascular disease, macrophages, adrenergic stimulation, neuro-immune crosstalk, hypertension, obesityAbstract
Cardiovascular disease frequently originates from endothelial dysfunction driven by both metabolic and inflammatory stressors. This review examines how macrophages and the sympathetic nervous system interact within the vasculature to potentiate obesity- and hypertension-related vascular injury. Macrophages in adipose tissue and resistance arteries respond to norepinephrine via adrenergic receptors, shifting toward pro- or anti-inflammatory phenotypes depending on receptor subtype and context. Experimental models show that sympathetic neuron–associated macrophages, inflammasome-mediated catecholamine catabolism, and α2-adrenergic receptor disruption in mesenteric arteries can form positive feedback loops that raise blood pressure and promote vascular remodeling. The authors discuss emerging evidence that β2-adrenergic agonists may reprogram macrophages toward anti-inflammatory profiles, highlighting potential upstream therapeutic targets in cardiometabolic disease.
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