The Neural Underpinnings of Sacral Neuromodulation Therapy for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.65539/pgdgpe69Keywords:
sacral neuromodulation, functional gastrointestinal disorders, TENS, neural mechanisms, neuromodulationAbstract
Sacral Neuromodulation (SNM) is an established nerve stimulation treatment for Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders (FGIDs) such as Faecal Incontinence (FI), Slow Transit Constipation (STC) and ileus. SNM may involve the surgical placement of electrodes against the sacral roots of the spinal cord to alter the physiological function of the target organs. It can also be performed by using Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) which is a non-invasive and cost-effective SNM technique consisting of placing electrodes on the intact skin instead of implantation. However, despite the increasing application of this therapy, the neural underpinnings of SNM are poorly understood. One of the consequences of this poor understanding is that currently SNM is administrated on a trial-and-error basis and there are no standard guidelines on the optimal therapeutic parameters.
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